Elastic elements are industrial components with a wide range of applications, including the automotive, robotics, construction machinery, electrical energy, rail transportation, and aerospace industries. In aerospace, they are used in drone engines; in the automotive sector, the latest applications include hybrid suspension systems combined with active actuators.
Their function is to bear and transmit vertical loads, mitigating and suppressing impacts caused by uneven road surfaces. They exhibit both elastic and inelastic effects during operation. Elastic effects refer to deformation influenced only by load, with parameters including stiffness and sensitivity; inelastic effects refer to deformation affected by time, temperature, and material properties, such as elastic hysteresis, elastic aftereffect, and relaxation. Temperature changes can alter the elastic modulus and geometric dimensions.
